Bad Dreams, Good Stories

I have officially reached the end of my journey of reading all of Stephen King’s books chronologically, though it has repeatedly looped back on itself and looks nothing like a straight line. Ka is a wheel. Now I know. 

I started consistently reading King’s books as they came out in 2017, which meant that Sleeping Beauties was the book I needed to catch up to to be able to say I have read all of his books. And so: I have read all of his books. The final volume I had to finish to achieve this feat ended up being his 2015 story collection The Bazaar of Bad Dreams. Of course King also has a 2016 book because he literally has published at least a book a year since 1977–except for, technically, 1988, but since he published three books in 1987, we shall let that pass. 

The 2016 book is End of Watch, the final book of the Mr. Mercedes trilogy, which I read straight through. I might have read Bazaar before reading End of Watch but for a minor technological technicality that caused me to not have access to Bazaar in my preferred mode of audiobook consumption. Then for awhile I put off dealing with that technicality, essentially saving Bazaar so I would still have more King to read. This is exactly what The Kingcast’s co-creator Scott Wampler was doing with the Mr. Mercedes trilogy–saving it–and then he died before he could read it. So I knew I didn’t want to put off reading Bazaar for too long, because, well, you never know. 

There might be something cosmic about this ordering as well; the final story in the collection, “Summer Thunder,” repeatedly refers to an apocalyptic nuclear event that occurred on June 6, which turned out to be the date I finished the book, and thus all of the books. Some might call this a coincidence; psychoanalytic pioneer Carl Jung, who died on June 6, 1961, would call it a “synchronicity,” and I have in the past year become most fixated on how King is fundamentally Jungian. Surface proof of this resides in King’s repeated invocations of Jung in his 2022 novel Fairy Tale, including a fictional nonfiction book entitled “The Origins of Fantasy and Its Place in the World Matrix: Jungian Perspectives,” while Fairy Tale’s main character Charlie also ends up publishing in an academic journal that does actually exist, The International Journal of Jungian Studies. Lisey’s Story (2006) contains the representation of the collective unconscious in the literalizing of the “myth pool” (a concept King learned about from his college English professor Burton Hatlen). And let’s not forget King’s telltale trick of inserting parentheticals in a character’s inner monologue in a way that represents intrusions from the character’s unconscious into their consciousness.

In short, Jungian concepts pervade King’s canon. He repeatedly channels tales of good versus evil, essentially telling the same story over and over with different characters plugged in. (The role of dreams in relation to these good and evil poles in The Stand is also very Jungian.) And he gets away with this because those different characters are rendered as intensely believable individuals. So his canon basically captures the idea that while all people are unique, we are also all part of a shared human experience in which our potential for transcendence resides in facing our dark sides, or to put it in Jungian terms, our shadows. 

When King writes about what gets designated the “supernatural,” he is essentially writing about what could be viewed as “spiritual”–elements and phenomena that defy scientific rationality and our understanding of “reality,” or, as Rice professor of Religious Studies Jeffrey Kripal puts it in his book The Superhumanities: Historical Precedents, Moral Objections, New Realities (2025), of “a philosophy of a higher reality beyond the senses and the opinions of the merely rational mind.” Kripal has written a lot about this idea of the “supernatural” being “super natural,” as in his 2016 book The Super Natural: New Visions of the Unexplained, and his 2024 book How to Think Impossibly basically encompasses the idea that these quintessentially Kingian phenomena transcend the bounds of fiction: “From precognitive dreams and telepathic visions to near-death experiences, UFO encounters, and beyond, so-called impossible phenomena are not supposed to happen. But they do happen—all the time.”

To have read all of Stephen King’s work is to have gone through an immersive experience that makes it very believable that certain “impossible” concepts that seem to defy reality are, in fact, very possible and very realistic. This is partially due to his adept use of vivid sensory details, and partially due to certain repetitions in the subject matter: to read how King repeatedly self-inserts writer and teacher characters–in one of Bazaar’s story intros he refers to Ben Mears from his 1975 novel ‘Salem’s Lot as “[s]ome stand-in for me”–alongside his frequent deployment of phenomena like telekinesis and precognition is to become convinced that those concepts, like the writer stand-in characters, must be, to some extent, autobiographical. This was a question he was asked after a talk he gave at the University of Georgia in 1980. A little after the ten-minute mark:  

Q: “Many of your characters have very special or unusual mental powers. Do you feel that you have any special or unusual mental powers?”

A: “Only when I’ve had five or six, then I feel really really mental. [Laughter.] No, I don’t think so. And some people will say well do you believe the kind of stuff that you write about and the answer is, almost. I want to, and yet at the same time I think that you have to be very hard-headed and pragmatic about it. I believe it if I’d ever seen a ghost or that sort of thing, and yet at the same time I think we’ve all had the experience of not thinking about you know um Aunt Molly for you know three or four years and then you’ll be thinking about her and the phone will ring and it’ll be her, or you’ll have a flash if something’s going to happen, and so I suspect that something is going on there. But that it’s probably uncontrollable in the sense that uh you’re not able to actually harness it the way some of the characters in the books do.”

The questioner’s phrasing of “unusual mental powers” is amusing, since surely in one sense King’s mental powers are extremely unusual. Who else can write so compellingly at such a prolific rate? King’s “harnessing” of his powers might look different than characters like Carrie’s, but I can’t get it out of my head how, before 9/11, he wrote not one but two books with a character flying a plane into a building–The Running Man (1982, but written way earlier) and Insomnia (1994). And then in Doctor Sleep (2013), there’s a specific episode to demonstrate the character Abra’s “unusual mental powers” when she, as a baby, responds to the actual occurrence of 9/11. 

King’s casual denial that he has ever personally experienced phenomena like that reminded me of how Carl Jung had to keep a lid on his own personal spiritual and visionary experiences during his lifetime or put his scientific career at risk. Then later after he died, his Red Book was published, which he knew would appear to lay (i.e., scientific) readers as if it were the product of some kind of madness. 

Another major Jungian aspect of King’s work is his fascination with dreams and dream worlds, which makes starting with Sleeping Beauties and ending with Bazaar of Bad Dreams the perfect points to render my reading experience a circle instead of a straight line. The covers themselves would seem to communicate a significant overlap between these texts. 

(And don’t forget about another story collection, Nightmares and Dreamscapes [1993] and the novel Dreamcatcher [2001]). 

But what really makes Bazaar an absolute treat is King’s short intros for each story where he answers the question he’s always asked–where do you get your ideas? King has cracked open his own skull to show us his writerly mind at work. And what a mind it is. Such glimpses into King’s process–which he has made a habit of providing throughout his career–for me confirm that King’s work qualifies for Jung’s categorization of “visionary” art as described by literary critic Oliver Davis in the volume Post-Jungian Criticism: Theory and Practice (2003): 

Jung has a view of creativity that involves self-divestiture or self-dispossession. He describes how works of what he calls “visionary” art10 are written: 

These works positively force themselves upon the author; his hand is seized, his pen writes things that his mind contemplates with amazement. The work brings with it its own form . . . while his conscious mind stands amazed and empty before this phenomenon, he is overwhelmed by a flood of thoughts and images which he never intended to create and which his own will could never have brought into being. (CW 15: 73)

As King notes in the intro to “Ur,” “I’ve never been able to write stories on demand.” And his description of his process in the intro to “Batman and Robin Have an Altercation” basically amounts to a different way of saying what Jung said about work forcing itself on the author: 

Sometimes a story arrives complete—a done thing. Usually, though, they come to me in two parts: first the cup, then the handle. Because the handle may not show up for weeks, months, or even years, I have a little box in the back of my mind full of unfinished cups, each protected in that unique mental packing we call memory. You can’t go looking for a handle, no matter how beautiful the cup may be; you have to wait for it to appear.

It happens that “Batman and Robin Have an Altercation” is one of my favorite stories in the Bazaar collection. It first appeared in the September 2012 issue of Harper’s, which also published his story “The Fifth Step” in 2020 before it appeared in his 2024 collection You Like It Darker. The climax of both of these stories is someone getting stabbed out of nowhere. A classic King trope, and a particular King coup that he has rendered this trope “literary.” Though perhaps to be in a literary magazine you have to maintain the “realist” line, as neither of these stories ascend into supernatural territory. 

So let’s back up and see how much overlap between the literary and the supernatural this collection constitutes. Of its twenty stories, twelve were initially published elsewhere, predominantly in “literary” magazines. 

“Premium Harmony” and “A Death” in The New Yorker: neither supernatural. In “Premium Harmony,” a couple who’s been arguing a lot stops at a gas station where the wife suddenly has a stroke and dies. Now the husband can finally smoke without being nagged. (King describes it as his Raymond Carver ripoff story, which makes sense, since Carver also published a lot in The New Yorker. And smoked a lot.) In “A Death,” which is set in the Old West and hearkens back to the beginning of my King journey, leading me to conclude early on that “King can grab you by the literary balls when he wants to,” a man is accused of murdering a young girl for her silver dollar; the sheriff becomes convinced the man is innocent as the man continues to insist he is, but after the man is hanged, the silver dollar turns up in his stool, proving that he was in fact guilty.  

“The Dune” in Granta: supernatural. A man knows of a sand dune in which written names periodically appear; the people named die shortly thereafter. 

“The Bone Church” and “Tommy” in Playboy: neither supernatural. These are actually both poems, which is unusual for King and probably unusual for Playboy. “The Bone Church” is about a platoon in the jungle during the Vietnam War that comes upon a pit full of bones and then a herd of elephants stampedes over the cliff into the pit. There is some supernatural hint here because the elephants are supposed to have all been killed by ivory hunters; the poem’s narrator has also been recounting how the deaths of his various platoon members occurred and is obviously haunted by his Vietnam experience as he recounts it years later, so this supernatural ghostly element feels more metaphorical. “Tommy” is about a hippie in the 60s who died of leukemia. 

“Morality” and “That Bus Is Another World” in Esquire: neither supernatural. In “Morality” a retired reverend offers a woman a lot of money to perpetrate an intentional sin so he can experience what it feels like vicariously and she debates with her husband whether it’s worth it (they’re poor). They go through with it (the “sin” is her punching a young kid in the face on a playground) but it ultimately ends up destroying their marriage. In “That Bus Is Another World” a business executive on his way to an important presentation thinks he sees a murder on a bus–he’s not on the bus but sees it through a window. He’s running late for the very important presentation, which he decides to continue to rather than report the murder, convincing himself he didn’t see what he thought he did. 

“Afterlife” in Tin House: supernatural. A man turns up in an office with a paper pusher who tells him he’s dead and that he can go through a door or go back to his life to live it again, but he won’t remember having lived it before, which means he won’t do anything differently; the man muses on the bad decisions in his life clinging to the hope that somehow this time he can do things differently, which would appear to be the cycle he goes through every time he ends up in this room. He goes back to his life to try again. (Interesting basis for a theory about The Dark Tower series ending indicating that the protagonist Roland is actually in Hell reliving the same cycle over and over.) 

“Herman Wouk is Still Alive” in The Atlantic: not supernatural. In his preface King describes its inspiration as a real-life incident in which a woman drove the wrong way down a freeway for two miles with all her children in the van with her before colliding head-on with an SUV and killing almost everyone; the woman was reported to have seemed sober shortly before the accident but her blood revealed high levels of inebriation. In King’s story, the woman is in the van on a road trip with a friend whose kids are also in the van with hers. These kids have names like “Truth,” “Delight,” “Freedom,” and “Glory.” As they proceed to get drunk while on the road, the woman driving reflects on the future her kids will have in which they’ll relive the cycle she did of getting pregnant too young and not having any money. She and the friend seem to come to a tacit agreement and awareness of what she’s doing before she plows the van into a tree at a hundred miles an hour. The crash is witnessed by two elderly poets who have just come across a story in the newspaper that the writer Herman Wouk just published a new novel at age ninety. (If that detail feels random, the story has its own Wikipedia entry that explains it as related to a bet King made with his son Owen, which King doesn’t mention in the story’s preface.) King probably has more firsthand experience with poverty than most writers who publish in magazines like The Atlantic–albeit decades in his rearview at this point–but the depiction of these characters felt pretty classist. That he would have the incident witnessed by the type of writers who would publish in such magazines–i.e., literary ones–becomes an interesting choice in that context. Nobody else, including Herman Wouk himself, seems to have picked up on any classism; it won the Bram Stoker Award for the Short Story. One reviewer thinks the “trodden women” in the van are not caricatures and are written with compassion while the poets “slip toward stereotype.” The women potentially read realistically until they suddenly decide their lives–and really more specifically their children’s lives–aren’t worth living. I don’t buy it. I think this feeling is compounded by the addition of the friend also coming to this decision instead of just one character coming to it. 

Side note: Among the many literary publications King perused when he edited the volume of Best American Short Stories in 2007, he singled out The Atlantic

No need to check out The Atlantic Monthly; its editors now settle for publishing their own selections of fiction once a year in a special issue and criticizing everyone else’s the rest of the time. Jokes about eunuchs in the bordello come to mind, but I will suppress them. 

“Summer Thunder” in Cemetery Dance: not supernatural, but dystopian. This is the final story in the collection. After a nuclear event that occurred on June 6 few people are left alive; the main character whose family has died processes his grief for them in the present when a dog he’s picked up and named Gandalf dies of radiation poisoning. As the main character himself develops the symptoms of radiation poisoning, he mounts his old motorcycle and rides it off a cliff. This is a vehicular-suicidal decision whose logic I can get on board with. 

“Batman and Robin Have an Altercation” in Harper’s: not supernatural. This title alerts you, if unconsciously, that the story operates on multiple levels: Batman and Robin could be having an altercation with each other, or they could be, jointly, having an altercation with somebody else. It turns out that it’s both: the altercation with each other directly causes their joint altercation with somebody else, which, narratively, is very satisfying. This satisfaction is enhanced by the fact that King also described up front the two unrelated incidents he witnessed that collide in the story. In the case of this story they collide literally: the son King saw feeding his father dinner in a restaurant (King and his wife were eating at an Applebee’s. Of course.) who would not let him use a knife become passengers in the car in the almost car-crash King witnessed that in the story becomes a collision. In the story, the son’s father has Alzheimer’s and mentions something the son was previously unaware of, that he’d had an affair. The son, driving, is so surprised by this revelation that his attention wanders briefly from the road and he rear-ends a truck that cuts into his lane. The truck’s driver, whom King perceived as a “cowboy driver” in the real-life near-accident he witnessed that was one half of the story’s inspiration, is enraged and physically attacks the son. The father stabs the cowboy driver with a knife he stole from the restaurant, the knife the real-life father wanted to use that the son wouldn’t let him in the moment King witnessed that was the other half of the story’s inspiration. 

Perhaps it was because I had just been asked to write a chapter on King’s use of genre tropes for an upcoming handbook and elected to focus on the Western genre that this story stood out to me. The real-life near-crash with the “cowboy driver” occurred in Sarasota, Florida, but King relocated the setting of the story to San Antonio, Texas. The son’s father “hasn’t lost all the clever ruthlessness that enabled him to rise from a no-college oilfields roughneck to an upper-middle-class jewelry merchant in San Antonio.” Here we see the influence of the Western cowboy ethos on the modern-day oil-and-gas industry also implicated in King’s description of the “gas-guzzling behemoths” in the real-life near-crash. The violence inherent in this legacy is something we tend to forget, which the father having Alzheimer’s also thematically reinforces. That the knife the father steals originates with him eating steak for his dinner also implicates the agricultural aspect of the Western cowboy legacy. The father and son are the Batman and Robin of the story’s title because it’s a recounting of the Halloween they dressed up as Batman and Robin that leads to the father referencing his affair, with the pop-culture figure of the superhero who usually defeats his foes through physical violence thus implicitly connected to this cowboy-ethos legacy. 

So only two of the pieces previously published in magazines are supernatural, “The Dune” and “Afterlife.” (“Ur” was originally published as a Kindle single rather than in a magazine, so pause on that.) Those respective publications, Granta and Tin House, are definitely literary but have a much lower profile than The New Yorker, Harper’s, or The Atlantic. King might have upped–or downed?—the literary ante with the level of violence (as well as a conceit that amounts to an extended poop joke) he was able to shoehorn into these magazines, but he did not get them to exceed the boundaries of “literary naturalism.” This itself would seem to be a symptom of the epidemic Jeffrey Kripal has identified in academic humanities departments in The Super Natural with his “heartfelt plea to my colleagues to establish, or reestablish, the super as a major focus of research and conversation in the study of religion, but also within the broader currents of the humanities—the study of art, history, literature, and philosophy.”

Kripal only explicitly mentions Jung once, but part of his solution amounts to a Jungian one:  

My first and most basic response to our present postcolonial and racial crises in the humanities and the larger culture, then, is basically the same one I learned in Roman Catholic spiritual direction and, subsequently, in psychoanalysis with respect to the depths of the soul, sexuality, and gender: not to deny what the unconscious (in this case, the social unconscious) reveals to you in dream and relationship, but to accept it, interpret it, talk about it, and, most of all, work with it.

If we tally the collection’s previously unpublished stories–or unpublished in magazines–we will see the ratio of supernatural to natural in these is much higher: 

“Mile 81”: supernatural. Basically a version of Christine where a demon car kills people.  

“Ur”: supernatural. An English teacher buys a Kindle that turns out to have access to alternate timelines (ties into The Dark Tower). He uses the knowledge he’s able to access from it to prevent a drunk driver from causing a crash that kills his girlfriend.

“Bad Little Kid”: supernatural. A man on death row for murdering a child recounts to his lawyer how this same “bad little kid,” who never ages, had appeared and caused the deaths of his loved ones throughout his life. 

“Blockade Billy”: natural. A baseball player turns out to have taken on the identity of one of his murder victims. 

“Mister Yummy”: straddles the line of its supernatural phenomena being a natural psychological manifestation. A dying man sees an apparition from his past before he dies. 

“Obits”: supernatural. The narrator works at an online tabloid magazine akin to TMZ that trades in harmful voyeuristic gossip and finds himself with the power of actually killing the people for whom he writes cruel joke obituaries.

“The Little Green God of Agony”: supernatural. After nearly dying in a plane crash, one of the world’s richest men enlists a reverend for an exorcism to exorcise his physical pain that’s really caused by an inner demon (a literal one).  

“Drunken Fireworks”: natural. Celebrating the Fourth of July, two rival neighbor families have an escalating battle of fireworks. 

“Under the Weather”: natural. In the intro for this one, King observes that “stories are like dreams. Everything is deliciously clear while the process is ongoing, but all that remains when the story’s finished are a few fading traces. I sometimes think a book of short stories is actually a kind of oneiric diary, a way of catching subconscious images before they can fade away.” King noted in his intro for his 2007 Best American volume that he doesn’t “want some fraidy-cat’s writing school imitation of Faulkner,” yet this story’s premise would seem to have a literary corollary in Faulkner’s “A Rose for Emily.” This influence must have slipped into King’s unconscious, since he usually acknowledges the debt of such influences when he’s aware of them (as he acknowledged the influence of Carver on “Premium Harmony”), and of this story he says “I don’t remember how I got the idea for ‘Under the Weather,’ or how long it took, or even where I wrote it.” 

The story’s main character is a Don-Draper-like ad executive whose wife is “under the weather.” As he gets in the shower while she’s still asleep, he thinks about a dream he’s had for the past five nights: “Nothing really awful happens in this dream, but in a way that’s the worst part. Because I know—absolutely, positively—that something awful will happen. If I let it.” In the dream he’s on an airplane sitting next to someone: “I know if I look at him (or her, or possibly it), I’ll see something that will turn my bad dream into a nightmare. If I look into the face of my seatmate, I may lose my mind.” When he’s leaving his Manhattan apartment building, his doorman tells him an exterminator will need to come in to address a bad smell people have been complaining about that’s probably a dead rat. (The narrator tells him that his sinuses are “wrecked” and that he can only smell coffee and his wife’s perfume.) At the office he’s working on a campaign for a Viagra-like pill; the dream crosses his mind and he thinks “there’s something close to me I don’t want to look at.” He recalls his first big success with an ad campaign when he spent the money on a trip for him and his wife; on the plane there was a moment when he looked at his sleeping wife and thought she was dead. As King noted in the intro, “this is one of those tales where it’s okay for the reader to be one step ahead of the narrator,” and by now the reader has probably figured out what’s really going on, even before the flashback exchange on the plane with his wife continues: he tells her he’d still take her on the trip even if she were dead “‘Because I wouldn’t accept it. No way would I.’” To which she replies, “‘You’d have to after a few days. I’d get all smelly.’” At this point the tension in the present derives from the narrator’s exchanges with the doorman who wants the exterminator to go into his apartment, because we know why the narrator doesn’t want him to go in there. The narrator comes close to admitting to himself what’s really going on but continues to suppress it:

…for that matter, what have I been doing for the last week?

“Keeping her alive,” I say as the elevator stops at the fifth floor. “Because I couldn’t bear for her to be dead.”

She isn’t dead, I tell myself, just under the weather. It sucks as a cutline, but for the last week it has served me very well, and in the advertising biz the short term is all that counts.

Therein we get another interesting insight into this narrator’s psyche that elevates the story beyond a mere gag: the implication of the advertising industry. If we want to judge this narrator for the level of denial he’s able to maintain about what should be an obvious truth, we have to ask how much we ourselves live in delusions cultivated by advertising, how much we have let advertising condition our “reality.” (Another detail that reinforces this aspect is when the main character informs his mentee that when advertising a drug: “‘people never like to see the prescription bottle their stuff comes in. Prescription bottles make them think of sickness.’”) 

The narrator sneaks into his building through the back to avoid the doorman, then continues to talk to his dead wife where she’s lying in bed as if she’s alive.

“You can’t be dead,” I say. “That’s unacceptable.” 

Nothing from Ellen. 

“Do you want coffee?”

He recounts a detail to her about their aforementioned trip when she had to stop snorkeling because she was crying over the beauty she was seeing. “Now I’m the one who’s crying,” the narrator thinks, and even though he continues to talk to his dead wife as if she were alive as the story ends, that expression of emotion seems to indicate he’s crossed a significant threshold in facing the reality of the situation. The story demonstrates the function of dreams as communicating the aspects of the unconscious that we are actively fighting to keep from crossing the threshold into our conscious minds. In this sense it might be one of the collection’s most overtly Jungian stories, with the title “Under the Weather” evoking that which is under the layer of our conscious minds.

King’s description of Carver’s prose is also pretty Jungian: “Everything is on the surface, but that surface is so clear that the reader can see a living universe just beneath.” 

The stories in this collection might seem simply repetitive on the surface but are really in conversation with each other on a deeper level. The collection’s penultimate story “Drunken Fireworks” with an escalating battle between neighbors setting off increasingly powerful fireworks culminates with the biggest firecracker, the “Ghost of Fury,” which both recalls the legacy of the Revolutionary War and how fireworks commemorate the destructiveness of bombs as well as anticipating how this legacy might lead to a nuclear arms race that could destroy everything, as happens in the collection’s final story–of course, the conclusion of “Drunken Fireworks” itself is that both of the neighbors’ houses end up burned down. The suicides by vehicle in “Herman Wouk is Still Alive” and “Summer Thunder” resonate with the “gas-guzzling behemoths” that are the descendants of the Western ethos of the Texas oilfield wildcatters and, like nukes, contain the potential to destroy the planet; the proliferating deadly potential of this Western ethos is also apparent in the explicitly Western-genre story in the collection being entitled “A Death” and the irony that this story actually revolves around two deaths rather than one. The also death-focused-entitled story “Obits” contains a similar device to “The Dune” in which the written word–more specifically written names–is embedded with the potential to encode and enact death in a way that expands its thematic reach as “Under the Weather” does in its implication of the advertising: when the narrator finds himself with the power to kill people by writing joke obituaries for them, the problem arises that it will also kill other people who happen to have the same name as the person the obituary was consciously intended for, underscoring the unintended and broader reach of the harm such sensationalist tabloid journalism can cause. “Afterlife” and the two pieces that straddle the line between natural and supernatural, “The Bone Church” and “Mister Yummy,” continue the collection’s prominent death themes. 

As the theme of “Drunken Fireworks” is fitting to reflect on as we approach America’s 250th birthday, it’s worth noting that fifty years ago, “The Ledge,” a story from King’s first collection, Night Shift (1978), originally appeared in the bicentennial–or “bisextennial” issue of Penthouse, an artifact I came across a couple of years ago at an estate sale:

“The Ledge” is natural rather than supernatural, which I suppose elevates Penthouse‘s literary pedigree…

Of Bazaar‘s twenty stories, roughly half–eleven–were previously published in magazines. If we put two of the twenty in the ambiguous category, the score of the remaining eighteen in the battle of supernatural versus natural has natural winning out, with eleven qualifying as natural and seven as supernatural. Only two of the supernatural ones were previously published in magazines, while in the nine unpublished stories, supernatural only beats natural by one–or two since one of the two ambiguous ones was in the nine unpublished. Unsurprisingly, these statistics seem to reveal a bias in literary magazines toward the natural. And the higher ratio of natural to supernatural overall seems unusual for King but perhaps also speaks to the idea that the supernatural elements he writes about might be more natural than we’ve been inclined–or conditioned–to think. 

-SCR 

Never Flinch, Always Holly, Frequent Cringe 

I am rereading Never Flinch, King’s requisite annual text for 2025, for a planned talk/essay on the treatment of substance-abuse recovery in King’s work. This novel offers an interesting case: its main premise is a serial killer operating under the pseudonym Bill Wilson (aka the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous) and serial killing for the supposed motivation of “making amends” for something (step 9 of the 12 steps in AA). What he’s making amends for is part of what keeps us in suspense, being revealed maybe two-thirds through the book. 

As always, full spoilers. 

Plot Problems

This novel is one of a spate of King’s detective novels that partially inspired the academic study on King’s work released this year, King Noir by noted King scholars Tony Magistrale and Michael Blouin, which came out right before this novel so the study doesn’t address it. Since the Mr. Mercedes trilogy (2014-2016) in which King introduced the character Holly that he’s remained so keen on (apparently having yet another idea for an upcoming book with her), King has operated heavily within the detective genre (though the study points out how elements of this genre have long been prominent in King’s work). The Mr. Mercedes novels remained somewhat in keeping with the genre of a detective novel, which is to say, without throwing in a lot of Stephen King supernatural stuff, but by the third book it’s gone back into traditional King territory with a character having gained some mind control powers from a coma (with a “scientific” basis in the form of an experimental drug). Then in The Outsider (2018), King brought Holly back to help with a case that turns out to be entirely supernatural. In such a case, the initial question that hooks the reader is how there can be seemingly conclusive evidence that the same person was in two different places at once. That would be a challenge for a traditional “realist” narrative to answer. King can only answer it with a supernatural explanation. 

Which means that Holly Gibney exists in a world where supernatural things can occur, though in Holly (2023) and Never Flinch (2025), supernatural elements do not come into play in the plot. Though with callbacks to the previous novels, King reminds us that she exists in such a supernatural world, so I would think that on the whole Holly might be more inclined to consider the supernatural as possibilities when she’s trying to crack a case, yet this doesn’t seem to be the…case.   

King had apparently been thinking about calling this novel Always Holly. Thank fucking god he didn’t because that might be the worst title in the history of titles–but, unfortunately, that might symbolically reflect how this is probably one of his worst books. (Another title he mentioned was We Think Not, a reference to the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous that I kind of like for its larger political implications, because this book does explore political themes.) Yet the book does have redeeming qualities that are not exclusively limited to how this narrative should be a lesson in what not to do. King has intimated that he doesn’t want to write a plotted novel again after this one (and yet he’s thinking about writing another Holly novel, not sure how that’s going to work). This calls attention to the fact that a detective novel has to be more “plotted” than the way King traditionally writes, which is to just figure it out as he goes along. The initial plan for this book was that he wanted to have three different plot threads converge. I think it was the draft that Tabby read where she told him he could do better that led to the excision of one of these plot threads (based on the kidnapping of Lady Gaga’s dogs, apparently). And the biggest problem with this book is that he couldn’t pull off the convergence of just two plot threads. It also has the same basic problem Magistrale and Blouin identify both Mr. Mercedes and Holly having: “the reader knows from the beginning who committed the crime, and the process of deduction plays a limited role in what unfolds”; this is because “King rarely trusts his reader enough to leave her to her own devices (a place of uncertainty, from which the reader tries to sort out the case alongside the detective).”

One of the redeeming factors in the book is how many different points of view King jumps between, including the serial killer Trig’s, who is one of the main points of view. While it’s not accurate to call this a “whodunnit,” because the reader knows who done it from the first kill, there are some critical pieces of information King manages to withhold, one that it seems he shouldn’t be able to get away with withholding if we’re in the killer’s point of view, and yet I think he does pull this part off. Primarily this is withholding what Trig thinks he’s making amends for. Secondarily this is withholding Trig’s real name and job, since he turns out to be a figure that characters are interacting with in the other plot thread. In those interactions, readers don’t realize those characters are interacting with the killer until again about two-thirds in. 

While King pulls those parts off, one of the big story problems is that there are just too many coincidences.

The two main plot threads: we have a feminist activist public speaker, Kate McKay, being stalked by a fundamentalist religious person who ultimately wants to kill her for her promotion of women’s rights (primarily but not exclusively abortion) and for that reason enlists Holly as a bodyguard, and the second (really the first because it appears first in the text) is Trig’s serial killing that we do know from the beginning is related to a man who is killed in prison, a man it turns out was innocent and framed for the crime he was imprisoned for. Trig is killing not the people who were on the jury that wrongfully convicted this man, but killing completely innocent people and leaving the name of one of these jurors in the hand of each murder victim, so that his spree is eventually designated the “surrogate juror murders” (not unlike “The Rural Juror”). Trig’s “logic” is that the deaths of the innocent will make the guilty people suffer more. Then there is actually a third plot line: a famous singer, Sista Bessie, is going to be touring for the first time in years, with her first show (and all of her rehearsals up to that point) being in Buckeye City, Holly’s hometown and the city where Trig is operating. This subplot is probably the clunkiest one–and they’re all clunky. 

King was not referring to the Sista Bessie-show-related stuff as a third plot line to converge, since apparently that was about Lady Gaga’s dogs, so it seems he considered this a subplot in his attempt to make two rather than three plot lines converge. But the Sista Bessie show does function as a third plot line in terms of the convergence that later happens (or purports to happen). 

So let’s call Trig’s murders plot line A, 
Kate McKay’s being stalked plot line B, 
and the Sista Bessie show plot line C.  

The C Sista Bessie plot is introduced very early by a member of Holly’s favorite Black family, Barbara Robinson (the Robinson siblings Barbara and Jerome have been in all of the Holly novels going back to Mr. Mercedes), calling Holly with the news that she’s won tickets and backstage passes to the opening Sista Bessie show, and she wants Holly to go with her–apparently Barbara doesn’t have any Black friends (Sista Bessie is a “soul” singer, aka she is Black). This development is entirely nullified when Sista Bessie herself calls Barbara telling her she wants to set one of Barbara’s poems to music to include in the show and offers Barbara tickets and backstage passes. She also invites Barbara to rehearsals, leading to Barbara eventually being invited to join Sista Bessie’s backup singers, the Dixie Crystals. Which, really? Dixie? 

This is all extremely frustrating on levels of both racial representation and narrative. 

There does not need to be a scene of that phone call with Barbara and Holly about those tickets; we could have gone straight to Sista Bessie calling Barbara with her offer. Not only that, through being Kate McKay’s bodyguard, Holly also ends up independently getting a ticket to Sista Bessie’s opening show, as a consolation prize for Kate getting bumped from the talk she’s supposed to give by that very show–even though Sista Bessie is in that same town weeks beforehand for rehearsals (and why a random city in Ohio is where she would elect to rehearse for weeks before opening the tour there is unexplained and one of the problematic coincidences), she apparently could not have gone on one night sooner in order for the venue, the Mingo Auditorium, to maintain the original booking they’d already given to Kate McKay. No one actually suggests this idea, though they bitch about the person who runs the venue and did the bumping, Donald Gibson–the person who turns out to be Trig the killer. This is revealed concurrently with Trig’s true motivation for the murders: he was on the jury that convicted the innocent man who was later killed in prison. Again, I was fine with the way that reveal(s) was handled. It was all the clunky pieces that had to be moved to get the Sista Bessie crew and Kate McKay crew (which now includes Holly) to converge in the same place for the climax that’s the problem. 

So by the time Holly is back in her hometown with McKay and her assistant Corrie for that leg of their tour, Trig is several victims deep into his murders (which by his logic of juror-parallel killing have a fixed number) and has decided he has the opportunity to better publicize them by utilizing the Sista Bessie show–or rather, Sista Bessie’s appearance to sing the National Anthem at a local cops versus firefighters softball game the night before the show (that this game would still be happening in the midst of a serial-killer’s escalating efforts receives much in-text commentary). Also by this time, Holly has figured out the identity of McKay’s deadly stalker, whose church pastor has, because of this, called him off, but he insists he has to finish his mission. This thread of the novel with the stalker is its own whole problematic can of worms due to this character, Christopher Stewart, dressing like a woman half the time not to disguise himself for his stalking, but because he truly believes that half the time he occupies the identity of his twin sister Chrissy, who died when he was seven (yes, their parents named them Chris and Chrissy). The first time we get the stalker’s point of view, it’s Chrissy’s, then a bit later we get Chris’s, and, per the point of view trick that echoes Trig’s, we don’t learn for awhile (but probably before the halfway point) that Chris and Chrissy are the same person. 

Obviously Trig is already essentially being depicted as crazy by the “logic” of his murders, but he is further depicted as unbalanced by repeatedly hearing his dead father’s voice in his head; his father often exhorted him to “never flinch” in reference to, we eventually learn, Trig having been a hockey goalie as a kid. Trig has decided the condemned abandoned building where the hockey rink used to be is where all his murders must conclude, because that’s the place he realized his father murdered his mother. That he would repeatedly appeal to his father for approval for not “flinching” in carrying through with the murders is somewhat contradicted by his father’s voice repeatedly reprimanding him for being careless with them and thereby wanting to get caught but Trig continuing to be careless anyway, but it’s hard to critique the “logic” of an unbalanced inner voice, and this is supposed to be explained by Trig now being as addicted to killing as he used to be to drinking, and addiction causes one to be reckless.

Since Trig’s being in AA is central to his motivation (making amends) and he expresses this through using the alias Bill Wilson when he explicitly notifies the authorities of his mission, it makes sense that his being in AA would come to play a role in the outcome of his murder plot thread. The line that gave me the idea to possibly use this book as a basis for an elective on detective/crime stories was about something Holly learned from her late detective mentor, Bill Hodges. 

Bill told her to stop, think, and isolate the central question in each case. Answer that and presto, case solved. 

So what’s the central question with Trig? That he’s in AA? 

is Trig’s reason for attending AA the central question? Is that the mystery of the thing? No. The central question, Holly realizes, is much simpler, and might be the key to everything. To her own face in the mirror, she asks it aloud: “Why does he care enough about Alan Duffrey to kill people?”

Alan Duffrey being the innocent man who was killed in prison. As Holly asks that question, the reader is still too asking it. We get the answer long before Holly does, and again, I’ll reiterate that this works–the scene where we get the reveal is a convergence of sorts of the A and B threads–Kate McKay’s assistant Corrie calls Donald Gibson to check a few things about logistics after Sista Bessie has managed to get them back on the Mingo schedule, not for the original date that’s now Sista Bessie’s opening show, but for the night before (sigh). We get the two reveals at once: 

He looks at the blinking light on his phone and wonders how his caller would respond if he picked up the handset and said, Hello, this is Trig, also known as Donald, also known as Juror Nine.

It makes sense we would get the reveal as the plot lines are converging, because now specifically in his capacity as Mingo Program Director Donald Gibson he can carry out one of his Trig juror-motivated murders by luring Corrie to him unnecessarily to sign a bogus insurance form. But he’s using her as bait to lure McKay in to get in both more murders at once and publicity for them. And so, simultaneously for the sake of more murders, he plans to use his role as Program Director to also lure in…Barbara Robinson. 

The other element of the plot lines converging here is what gets clunky and too coincidental, specifically in regard to the B plot: Holly having figured out the identity of Christopher Stewart as McKay’s stalker by the time they get to Buckeye City. How did she do this? The stalking has been unequivocally religiously motivated to McKay and Holly from the beginning, when early on Stewart threw (fake) acid on Corrie mistaking her for McKay, quoting a bible verse at her in the process. So Holly asks her trusty assistant Jerome Robinson (who’s not even actually her assistant, just conveniently available) to look up churches that had perpetuated acts of violence for their causes. Jerome sends her several news stories, including one where they used fake acid the same way McKay’s stalker did. There’s a picture of four of the church members associated with this, and Holly zeroes in on the one designated Christopher Stewart in the picture as their stalker, apparently for the reason that he’s younger than the other three in the picture. She keeps showing pictures to Corrie to try to get her to confirm she’s right about Stewart’s identity, to which Corrie keeps replying that it happened so fast she can’t be sure and he was wearing a women’s wig during it: 

“I told you, I only got a glimpse—” 

There’s a Sharpie in the side pocket of Corrie’s slacks, perfect for signing autographs, and also perfect for drawing on glossy photos. Holly plucks it out and draws bangs on the upturned face of the man who was sitting in the third row of the Macbride a week ago. Corrie looks long and hard. Then she turns to Holly. “That’s him. Her. Whatever. I’m almost positive.”

And that’s where the absurdity of the narrative and the absurdity of the gender-identity representation converge… 

Since Holly can now be sure of Stewart’s identity, for some reason she calls the pastor of Stewart’s church to tell him what she’s figured out, or maybe to probe him for what he knows, I don’t know. She picks up from his cagey tone that he knows what Stewart’s doing and might be behind it (which she’s correct about). While her motivation is murky, it’s necessary that Holly make this call narratively so that the pastor now calls Stewart to call him off; Stewart refuses, but now that he knows he’s been identified (when he’s in Buckeye City) he has to leave the hotel where he was booked and stay instead in an abandoned building so no one will identify him–leading him to the abandoned hockey rink Trig plans to use for his murder spree climax, and where he’s actually already left the body of a murder victim, as Chris discovers when he gets in. So Chris, as Chrissy, happens to be in this abandoned building when Trig drags in Corrie bound up but still alive, and then, a bit later, drags in a bound up and alive Barbara Robinson (whom we see Donald Gibson call with a fake story to lure her in like he did with Corrie; we see him abduct Corrie, but for Barbara we just jump straight from lure-in call to him dragging her into the abandoned rink building). Trig then calls both Kate McCay to tell her to come to the building if she doesn’t want him to kill Corrie, then calls Sista Bessie to tell her to come to the building if she doesn’t want him to kill Barbara. All the pieces are lining up, right? Lining up for three different threads, since Chrissy is in the building where Corrie and Barbara are.   

Oh, and by the way, while for the B plot Holly has successfully id’ed Kate McKay’s stalker by the point of Corrie’s and Barbara’s abductions–which is again necessary to have Chrissy be in the building where Trig is for A and B to be converging with C–for the A plot, she has successfully identified that the killer calls himself “Trig,” but she is still working on id’ing what Trig’s real name and identity is. She’s been working on this periodically even as she’s been McKay’s bodyguard by getting a friend to ask around AA meetings if they know anyone calling themselves Trig. This turns up the following tidbit: someone remembers someone calling themselves Trig who once said something that made people laugh in a meeting: “Have you ever tried to get someone to clean up elephant shit at ten in the morning?” The friend, getting this tidbit, thinks it’s meaningless but tells Holly anyway. Holly thinks it’s meaningful enough to call Bill Hodges’ old partner Pete, now retired, and ask his opinion. Pete doesn’t know anything at first but then calls her back with a revelation, right at the moment Holly is starting to suspect something is wrong because Corrie’s been gone too long: a few years ago, a small circus with a family of elephants came to the Mingo auditorium. Without Pete saying anything else this is enough for Holly to recall the Mingo auditorium’s director, whom she met in the course of prepping for Kate’s appearance there, as Donald Gibson, which she connects to the names of one of the jurors on the Duffrey case. But Holly misidentified someone being the possible nicknamed Trig before, so she’s hesitant to go to the police with this. 

Also, Holly’s figuring this out at this point is effectively useless because Kate is about to disappear when she’s supposed to be making a public appearance, so Holly would have ended up pursuing Kate by the same means she’s going to use anyway; her having figured out Trig and Donald Gibson are one and the same ends up changing exactly nothing.

Meanwhile, Kate McKay shows up at the abandoned rink as instructed for Corrie’s sake, and when Gibson punches her in the face to subdue her, Chrissy jumps out of hiding to shriek “‘NO, SHE’S MINE!’” (caps and italics in original) and attack Gibson. He almost instantly disarms her and breaks her neck. She dies. 

Which means, like Holly figuring out Trig’s identity, plot thread B ends up playing ABSOLUTELY NO ROLE in the outcome of the narrative. The most you can say having someone stalk Kate McKay does plot-wise is get her to enlist Holly as a bodyguard. But Kate already has a regular contingent of protestors at her appearances, so you don’t really need a consistent stalker to get her to do this. All of that (clunky) setup to get Chrissy into the abandoned rink at the same time Gibson is convening his final victims there, which are all of the novel’s major players from the A and B threads (minus Holly because she’s going to be the one to save the day of course), and absolutely nothing comes from it. If Chrissy hadn’t been there at all, the outcome of Trig’s plans would have been exactly the same. Her momentary intervention shifts nothing and happens so quickly it doesn’t even add any suspense. She had a gun and could have at least given Trig a non-mortal gunshot wound that might have slowed him down and conceivably helped ultimately thwart him, but no. Holly muses about how Kate is mistaken in thinking it’s Stewart who’s abducted Corrie when Holly has figured out it’s Trig. But again, that misconception has no bearing on the outcome of anything. 

The B plot fizzling out this way is almost satirically absurd, an egregious narrative disappointment. This problematic narrative absurdity is again symbolically matched by the problematic absurdity of the gender representation. What is the relevance of the Chris/Chrissy identity? Why would she embody Chrissy rather than Chris for her climactic (if ultimately meaningless) convergence with the A plot? It’s never clear why she’s Chris or Chrissy at different points, and it seems to be depicted as if it’s not a conscious choice on the character’s part but just intuitive whether they are one or the other at whatever time. But she’s Chrissy when she fades out, giving Kate McKay the chance to process from the stubble on her face that it’s actually a man. For whatever that’s worth.

Jerome and Holly get in to the rink after Jerome follows Sista Bessie there, and Holly, after impersonating Sista Bessie’s voice to get in, shoots and kills Trig, but not until after he’s lit a fire to burn the rink down, so there’s some suspense as she and Jerome rush to get Corrie and Barbara out of their bindings before they all go up in flames. They succeed with fairly minimum difficulty and everybody gets out, Jerome seeming to get the worst of it in terms of burns.

Now, again, I can find some redeeming aspects, though nothing close to overcoming the monumental narrative failure re: converging the two major plot threads. There’s a motif of doubles reflected in the Chris/Chrissy identity; we have a pair of white mentor/mentees (Kate and Corrie in the B thread) to match the Black mentor/mentees in the C thread (Sista Bessie/Barbara), and when Holly shows up at the hockey rink (having used the Apple tracker Kate has on her car keys), she hears what she thinks are two voices but turn out to just be one–Trig yelling at his father but enacting his father out loud instead of just in his head now, then responding as himself, to show us he’s really lost it at this point. In light of the father’s voice in Trig’s head, it’s also interesting that Holly hears her mother’s chiding voice in her head–though nowhere near as often as Trig, and as she decides to enter the rink, a second voice enters her head to counter her mother’s–Bill Hodges of course. (King is fond of the voice-in-the-head device.)

But it’s a bit of an over-convergence that both the Guns and Hoses softball game and the Kate McKay appearance she fails to show up for when she goes to the rink for Corrie end up with their respective crowds brawling simultaneously. 

Other Problems

It’s both shocking and not shocking to me by this point how King can have the same problems in 2025 he’s effectively always had when it comes to representing a) women, b) race, and c) non-heteronormative gender and sexuality. In terms of those corresponding mentor/mentee pairs, Kate and Corrie’s is more nuanced in Kate being not the best person but able to work effectively for a good cause, while Sista Bessie and Barbara are essentially paragons of perfection (minus questionable references to Sista Bessie being overweight, including, in Barbara’s point of view no less, her “truly mighty bazooms”). The convergence of the problematic gender and race representations might be summed up by the crowd that screams “Woman Power!” at Kate’s appearances and the “Soul Power” shirts Sisa Bessie’s fans wear.  

And this representation repetition of King’s is again echoed by narrative repetition–the plot climax entails a huge fire, which is definitely in the running for Most Common King Trope.  

The critical plot point that leads to the convergence of Sista Bessie and Barbara is the poem that Sista Bessie wants to set to music. Barbara explains the source of this poem to Holly: 

“…we read a poem by Vachel Lindsay called ‘The Congo.’ It’s racist as hell, but it has a swinging beat.” Barbara thumps her feet to demonstrate. “So I wrote a poem called ‘Lowtown Jazz’ to sort of, I don’t know, tell the other side of the story.”

There’s something so quintessentially King-underming-himself here, crediting the racist poem with a “swinging beat” before attempting to remediate what’s problematic about it in a way that’s not really enough to do that. You could argue there’s some element of reclamation here in Barbara’s effort to “tell the other side of the story,” but there’s an aspect of her own self-expression being a response to racism that renders her defined by racism. Further evidence of this trend resides in her becoming a member of the “Dixie Crystals,” which I still can’t get over. This name is like the biggest white red flag ever, another instance of seemingly satiric absurdity except it’s not satiric. There’s a reason the Dixie Chicks took the Dixie out of their name: 

Helligar called the word Dixie “the epitome of white America,” observing, “For many Black people, it conjures a time and a place of bondage.”

Neither Barbara nor Jerome ever transcend being a white construction of Blackness serving whites. This is at least the third time Barbara has been rendered helpless and in harm’s way at the hands of a villain Holly saves her from; it happens in two of the three Mr. Mercedes books. I remain baffled not just that King would do this, which isn’t really baffling considering he’s an almost-eighty-year-old white man; I’m baffled that his editors and publishers aren’t doing anything about it. Like maybe the larger implications of the Barbara plots could be lost on them, but the Dixie Crystals? Really?  

One of my favorite Reddit comments: 

Yeah, I can’t wait till the next novel where Barabara becomes President, throws a major league no-hitter, cures cancer and starts a world tour as the hottest new pop sensation.

She’s perfect in all these ways but still needs the white lady to get her out of trouble… 

More evidence of King undermining himself and evidencing Toni Morrison’s idea about the Africanist presence being “the shadow that is companion to this whiteness—a dark and abiding presence that moves the hearts and texts of American literature with fear and longing”:

Two Black men, one old, one young. One sturdy-built Black woman between them. Their shadows, blacker than they are, walk beside them, crisp as cutouts.

They’re cutouts all right…

And more of the “say it” problem: 

Holly deepens her voice as much as she can and tries to imitate Betty’s light southern accent. “Yeah, it’s me,” she says, and thinks she sounds horrible, a goony minstrel-show racist doing a caricature Black voice.

That’s some accidental meta-commentary. Holly has to imitate a Black voice in order to save everyone, and succeeds, despite it supposedly sounding horrible. And if it’s still unbelievable that anyone under seventy would use a minstrel show as a referent, at least King doesn’t use the worst slur in this novel like he did in last year’s book.

In addition to the Chris/Chrissy character who effectively villainizes and pathologizes gender dysphoria, there’s the development that two of the jurors kill themselves–two men who met and fell in love when they were on the jury together. Trig thinks they killed themselves out of guilt in response to his attempted guilt-inducing murders, but apparently they killed themselves because one had “‘HIV or AIDS, whichever one is worse,’” and this somehow led both to conclude they’d be better off dead. Detective Izzy, Holly’s cop friend who’s the one supposed to be actively working the surrogate jurors case, thinks of it as a case of “Romeo and Romeo,” and effectively emasculates them by thinking about how women rather than men usually choose overdose for their suicide method as these two have, which in turn leads to the wonderfully dignified description of one of the gay men having vomited on and the other having shit himself, respectively.  

Does this gay couple’s dual suicide play any concrete role in the narrative? Well, Trig’s hearing the news of their suicides on the radio and mistaking their motivation for it leads him to not kill the female hitchhiker he’s just picked up for this purpose. So, two gay men sacrificed for one young (presumably) straight girl. Oh, and her name is Norma, and she and Trig proceed to eat at Norm’s steakhouse. And of course, proving King continues to go to an old standby, the ultimate norm-reinforcing one: 

Gibson is like Norman Bates in Psycho, only talking in his father’s voice instead of his mother’s. Which fits, because Gibson is psycho.

But it actually fits the Chris/Chrissy villain more because Norman Bates, like Chris, was a cross-dresser. When we consider King’s 1981 claim in Danse Macabre that “Monstrosity fascinates us because it appeals to the conservative Republican in a three-piece suit who resides within all of us,” we have to consider what qualifies as “monstrosity.” King, like Hitchcock before him, thinks cross-dressing qualifies, which shows he’s really the one more akin to “the conservative Republican in a three-piece suit,” despite his frequent ragging on Republicans on social media. Because, as he also notes in Danse Macabre, “The writer of horror fiction is neither more nor less than an agent of the status quo.” And a status quo in which non-heteronormative nonbinary gender is deviant is certainly what Republicans in three-piece suits are fighting for today.

So if my biggest narrative pet peeves here are that unnecessary phone call where Barbara wins the tickets at the beginning and the entire irrelevance of the B plot thread as well as the representation of that villain, honorable mention goes to the elephant line being the breakthrough clue for Holly about Trig’s identity. And speaking of Republicans, in terms of the doubles motif and the idea of “the other side of the story,” the elephant caught my attention in relation to a detail that was mentioned a few times in the beginning–that in the course of her work Holly often has to look through forms from an insurance company whose logo is a grinning donkey that she hates. This detail almost seems like it’s being set up for something more but apparently isn’t beyond the peripheral connection of Gibson luring Corrie in using the pretext of an insurance form. But we have the political parties represented here in these two animal cameos, the Democrat donkey and Republican elephant. Which maybe speaks to the novel’s political themes. The thematic intersection of these across the A and B plot threads is more interesting than their narrative function (while C pretty much lacks all complexity and amounts to look at these great amazing Black people I can’t be racist if I’m representing!). It even prompted Vespe and Breznican to get into a debate on their bonus Kingcast episode review of the novel about “fighting dirty” politically and whether Democrats should do it if Republicans are. Trig believes he’s enacting justice in a completely twisted way that’s some kind of vague liberal echo of how the conservative religious protestors who fight Kate McKay’s pro-choice ideology believe they’re enacting justice, even though Trig is not represented as being particularly liberal, so that thematically this also seems to fall short. There seems to be the potential for more development for the good guys resorting to more questionable means to pursue justice and thus develop the “justice is blind” idea iterated on the cover image, which might also tie in to the elephant symbolism via that parable about blind men trying to imagine an elephant as a whole from just feeling its parts, as the detective process amounts to when you’re trying to piece together the full picture of a case from clues.

If any of this potential was explored for the “good guys,” maybe Holly could end up feeling slightly more dynamic than a cardboard cutout. I have to agree with Magistrale and Blouin’s assessment that “despite King’s own protestations to the contrary, Holly is not a terribly dynamic personality. In fact, one might be permitted to call her methodically dull….” If they identify this as a big problem with her 2023 “eponymous novel,” there is zero improvement on this front in the novel King wanted to call Always Holly. That title itself imparts the idea that she’s always the same.

And Finally: Fish Tacos and Fabulous Framing

The last thing I have to do as something of a redemptive reading of this novel for myself is to read Holly and Detective Izzy as gay and in love with each other. Let’s examine the evidence. The first time Holly appears in the novel, she is eating her regular lunch with Izzy–fish tacos. “‘You always have fish tacos,’” Izzy observes re Holly. Except apparently Izzy does too. This is a regular habit of theirs together: “they munched fish tacos.” (If the insinuation of this sounds crass, you can thank my brother for making off-color jokes to me over the years about this symbolism.) The place where they eat these fish tacos is “Frankie’s Fabulous Fish Wagon.” Fabulous, indeed. (Food trucks are repeatedly referred to in the novel as “food wagons” for some reason.) Holly and Izzy’s eating fish tacos essentially bookends, or frames the novel. (The concept of framing is the basis of the entire narrative via the wrongful conviction Trig is on the jury for: a bank employee was incensed he was passed over for a promotion and framed the guy who was promoted instead of him for having child porn.) In their final fish taco meal in the novel, we must be in Izzy’s point of view for the description: “Holly smiles. She’s radiant when she smiles. The years fall away and she’s young again.” 

Holly and Izzy casually call each other all the time, ostensibly to discuss the case Izzy is working on, but really more with the cadence of a long-standing couple. And not to lean too much on a stereotype, but Izzy is a softball pitcher and played softball in college. And softball players are pretty gay (I was a softball player). Beyond that, Holly’s watching Izzy pitch reads gay: “Holly knew Izzy was in shape, but this side of her—the athletic side—is a surprise.”

When Corrie is enlisting Holly, she tells her the “secret admirer” stalker sent a picture of Corrie and Kate with their arms around each other: 

“One word scrawled across it in red lipstick. Any idea what it was?” 

“I’m going to take a wild guess and say it was probably lesbians.” 

“Wow, you really are a detective.”

Or you really are a lesbian. 

Holly would seem to have a not-so-secret admirer in the form of her AA source, John the bartender, who twice tells Jerome that she’s “smooth” (emphasis in original) as he shares the story of how he met her confronting someone in the bar, after which both Jerome and John utter the novel’s almost-title, “Always Holly.” From this John would appear to be in development as a potential romantic interest of Holly’s, but that goes nowhere. Because Holly’s gay.

Later, in reference to Kate McKay: “Holly has never felt any sexual attraction to women, but she can still admire that trim, well-kept body.” Uh, yeah. Kind of feels like she’s cheating on Izzy there. And definitely feels like she’s gay.  Holly and Izzy had a lot of friction early on in the Mr. Mercedes novels, so maybe King is playing the long game and giving us an enemies-to-lovers arc.

If only. The sad truth of it is King just can’t write an authentic female character without the male gaze creeping in.

-SCR